Renal disease, also known as kidney disease, refers to conditions that affect the kidneys, impairing their ability to function properly. The kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood, regulating blood pressure, and producing hormones that help maintain electrolyte balance and red blood cell production. Renal disease can range from mild to severe and may be acute, developing suddenly and requiring immediate treatment, or chronic, developing over time and typically requiring ongoing management. Common causes of renal disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, infections, autoimmune disorders, and genetic factors. Research in the field of renal disease typically focuses on understanding the underlying causes and mechanisms of kidney damage, developing new treatments and interventions to improve kidney function, and finding ways to prevent and manage kidney disease more effectively. This research may involve studying new medications, dialysis techniques, transplant procedures, and lifestyle interventions to improve kidney health and quality of life for individuals with renal disease.